The Burdens And Standards Of Proof And Review

I expect that that most lawyers can explain the difference between the "burden of proof" and the "standard of proof". Some lawyers might be more challenged in distinguishing between "standard of proof" and "standard of "review". Others might...

Just How Binding Are SEC Statements In An Adopting Release?

Two years ago, I coined the term "“ARR Ratio”. The ARR Ratio (Adopting Release to Rule Ratio) is calculated by dividing the total number of words in the Adopting Release by the total number of words in the actual text of the rule being adopted. For...

Foreign LLCs Take Note: This Legislative Oversight May Affect You Too

Section 407 of the California Labor Code provides:

9th Circuit Holds Issuer Is Investment Bank's "Customer" And "Actions and Proceedings" Include Arbitrations

In 2005 and 2006, the biggest little city in the world (aka Reno, Nevada) issued approximately $211 million in securities employing Goldman, Sachs & Co. as its sole underwriter and broker-dealer. The financing didn't work out and Reno initiated...

Why A Form LLC-1 May Be Only Half Right

Under California's new Revised Uniform Limited Liability Act, an LLC is formed when the California Secretary of State's Office files the articles of organization. Cal. Corp. Code § 17702.01(d). Only five items of information are required to be...

How Will The Courts Interpret This?

I recently commented on the awkwardness of Subdivisions (a) and (b) Corporations Code Section 17703.04 that seemingly are intended to establish that the members of an LLC aren't liable qua members for the obligations of the LLC. The statute also...

California's New RULLCA Provides Ample Potential For Member Liability

Recently, I wrote about Corporations Code Section 17703.04(a) which in singularly inept fashion attempts to establish the non-liability of members of a limited liability company under the California's new Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company...

Court Declines To Apply Rule 9(b) To Section 25401 Claim

A complaint alleging securities fraud under Rule 10b-5 must meet the stringent pleading requirements of Rule 9(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as well as the requirements of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act.  In re Verifone...

The Securities Fraud Device That The Legislature Devised To Omit

Last year, Senator Jerry Hill authored a bill, SB 538, which rewrote Corporations Code Section 25401.  As I posted, the underlying premise was fanciful at best - that California's statute "has failed to keep up with similar language in federal...