Should The Articles Of Incorporation Define "Officers"?

Today's post is devoted to what may seem an unlikely question: should the articles of incorporation define "officers"? This is an unlikely question because it is the bylaws that typically identify the titles of officers and their duties. Cal. Corp....

CalPERS Agrees That It Will Not Enforce Conflict Of Interest Policy

As discussed in this post, I had petitioned the Office of Administrative Law for a determination that the Statement of Investment Policy for External Investment Resource Conflict of Interest adopted by the California Public Employees' Retirement...

How To Interpret An Indemnity Agreement

When interpreting an indemnity provision, whether in the articles of incorporation, bylaws or a separate agreement, the first question might be what does "indemnity" mean?  Etymologically, "indemnity" is derived from the Latin words in (not) and ...

Should Your Articles Of Incorporation Include A Choice of Law Provision?

In yesterday's post, I considered the fundamental question of why indemnification provisions are included in articles of incorporation. State general corporation laws typically contain express provisions empowering or authorizing corporations to...

Some Observations On Indemnification Provisions In Articles Of Incorporation

Over the years, I've read many articles of incorporation that include provisions relating to indemnification of officers, directors and others. Today's post will cover a few questions and observations that have occurred to me over the years. I'll...

Federal Court Finds There Can Be No Control Person Liability Without Primary Violator Privity

Yesterday, I covered Judge Lewis A. Kaplan's holding in In re Lehman Bros. Securities & Erisa Litigation, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 148177 (Oct. 15, 2012) that there is no liability under Corporations Code Section 25400 when the plaintiff and defendant...

S.D.N.Y. Holds No Section 25400 Liability If Securities Aren't The Same

The 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. resulted in seven California public entities and a California-based insurance company suing Lehman's former directors, officers, and auditors for, among other things, violations of the California...

Office of Administrative Law To Determine Whether CalPERS' Policy is an Underground Regulation

In August, I submitted a petition to the Office of Administrative Law alleging that the California Public Employees Retirement System had "issued, used enforced, or attempted to enforce an underground regulation".  Specifically, I challenged CalPERS'

Commissioner Proposes Custody Rule

Over a year ago, the Commissioner issued this invitation for comments with respect to a complete rewriting of California's custody rule for investment advisers, 10 CCR § 260.237. The Commissioner received a number of comments. However, none of the...